Which Arab states joined the Abraham Accords with Israel?

What are the Abraham Accords?

The United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan and Morocco reached US-mediated agreements with Israel in 2020 to normalise relations, according to the United Nations’ historical overview. These agreements are collectively known as the Abraham Accords.

Which states were involved?

The UAE and Bahrain appear alongside Israel and the United States in the official US presidential record identifying the joint Abraham Accords Declaration. The UN overview also includes Morocco and Sudan among the four Arab states involved in the 2020 agreements.

For Sudan, a spokesperson for UN Secretary-General António Guterres acknowledged an announcement by the US, Israeli and Sudanese governments that Sudan and Israel had agreed to normalise relations. That statement did not specify when normalisation would be implemented.

Guterres expressed hope that the agreement would encourage cooperation and trade, with benefits for peace and prosperity across the Horn of Africa and Middle East. Those were anticipated benefits, rather than a report of economic results.

What followed between the UAE and Israel?

A subsequent economic agreement provides a dated example of cooperation after the accords. The UAE-Israel Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement took effect on 1 April 2023, according to the UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The ministry describes its purpose as easing trade restrictions and making business conditions more predictable.

In a telephone conversation with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reported by the ministry in 2023, UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan reaffirmed his commitment to bilateral relations. He presented the accords as a basis for further cooperation and described engagement as a way to support peace and development.

The ministry reports bilateral goods trade of $3.209 billion in 2025, compared with $3.254 billion in 2024. Passenger traffic moved in the opposite direction, rising from about 892,000 in 2024 to approximately 1.53 million in 2025, according to its figures.

For January-May 2026, the ministry reported merchandise trade worth approximately $1.243 billion, around 1% above the same period a year earlier. It also lists technology, logistics, health, energy, food security and tourism among areas of economic engagement.

How does Palestinian diplomacy fit into the history?

The accords followed earlier Arab diplomatic initiatives: the Arab League adopted the Arab Peace Initiative in 2002, according to the UN overview. The UN identifies Gaza and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as territories Israel occupied in the 1967 war.

Palestinian statehood remained the subject of later international diplomacy. A UN conference held on 28-30 July 2025 adopted the New York Declaration addressing a peaceful settlement and implementation of a two-state solution. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud co-chaired the resumed conference on 22 September 2025, according to the UN.